Large bending behavior of creased paperboard. II. Structural analysis

The mechanics of a paradigmatic typical carton corner with five creases is analyzed theoretically, in closed form. A general kinematical analysis of the mechanism (in finite rotation) is presented, assuming the versor of the intermediate crease, s, as a 2-degree-of-freedom Lagrangian parameter. The rotation θ_c of the cth crease is derived, together with the existence domain and a discussion of the singular configurations.The actions, driving the carton during a prescribed quasi-static erection program, are derived in a very efficient manner using the Virtual Works Equation, taking into account a non-linear anholonomic bending constitutive law of the creased paperboard. In particular, the active and reactive components of the moment ?, driving s along its path, are identified. No resort to the tangent stiffness computation is required. Some numerical examples illustrate the rotation and the driving forces obtained for both monotone-loading and complex loading–unloading erection paths.The presented results, “exact” within the scope of the restrictive hypotheses assumed, may be used in a preliminary design approach as well as a benchmark for more realistic FEM or CAE simulators.     

斜拉桥架设分析的新算法

斜拉桥各架设几何形态与内力的确定是施行工程控制的重要前提。目前普遍采用的倒拆法数据量大，计算周期长、对大跨度斜拉桥更是如此。本文提出一种斜拉桥架设分析的新算法－－状态比较法。     

基于非线性有限元的索穹顶施工模拟分析

索穹顶结构的成形和施工模拟分析是该体系的基础问题。由于包含着刚体位移的分析使得跟踪难度相当大。本文采用了基于非线性有限元的施工过程分析 ,适应性强、分析精度高 ,避免了刚体位移假定。从而使得索穹顶体系的成形过程、受荷状态的全过程分析方法获得了统一。通过与试验模型对比分析表明本文方法操作简单且分析精度较高 ,分析的结果能够很好地指导施工     

Large bending behavior of creased paperboard. I. Experimental investigations

The large bending behavior of a creased paperboard is studied in the range of rotation θ ? [0°, 180°] – new results, apparently not reported previously in literature – with the aim to point out some crucial aspect involved in an adaptive robotic manipulation of the industrial cartons.The loading tests show a great variability of the mechanical behavior, depending dramatically on the crease indentation depth (also for the specimens obtained from the same carton): (a) when the damage induced during the crease formation is relatively small, the bending response is unusually complex: the moment constitutive function, m_L(θ), presents (up to) two peaks followed by unstable branches; (b) for greater indentation, the m_L(θ) is monotone.In the unloading case the response m_U(θ) is always monotone and is practically independent of the formation conditions of the crease. These behaviors can be easily described analytically using (piecewise) third degree splines.In a companion paper, the erection of a typical carton corner with unstable constitutive behavior is fully analyzed to detect the possible criticalities.     

单跨架空索道货物脱钩跳跃弦振动响应分析

以单跨全悬增力式架空林业集材索道为例,研究在货物脱钩等突发情况下,承载索因积蓄的弹性能瞬间释放而产生自由振动. 基于弦振动理论,建立了在指定位置脱钩的悬索振动方程,分析了脱钩工况下悬索振动固有频率、周期、波长等特征参数及主振动、自由振动、总能量等响应变化规律,并以三维图形进行直观表征与分析. 说明了脱钩振动分析对林业架空索道的安装设计、技术改进与使用安全规程的指导意义.     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的重频运行研究

 将10级陡化前沿Marx发生器由电阻隔离型改造成为电感隔离型,以便对其开展重频特性研究。通过恒压源充电的单次实验发现,发生器在氮气(N₂)中工作时,两种隔离方式的输出脉冲波形基本一致,然而在六氟化硫(SF₆)气体中工作时,电感隔离型相对于电阻隔离型的输出脉冲前沿较慢;对其原因做出了初步分析。在利用恒流充电装置充电的重频实验过程中,通过采用提高充电电流的方法,解决了发生器恒流充电时的充电脉动问题,进而开展了重复频率运行实验研究。实验结果表明,在不对开关进行吹气的情况下,当充电30 kV时,发生器可以在8.2 Hz的重频下稳定工作,输出脉冲的重叠一致性比较好,输出电压约为150 kV,电流约为1.8 kA,脉冲前沿为十几ns。     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的阻抗特性

 利用50 kV无感电容器与固体电阻制作了10级陡化前沿Marx发生器,实现了电容储能型脉冲功率调制系统的小型化。使用不同阻值的水电阻负载研究了发生器的阻抗特性,并进一步制作了金属膜电阻负载进行实验,测定90 Ω负载可以使发生器处于临界阻尼放电状态,从而确定发生器的内部阻抗约为45 Ω。当充电电压为40 kV时,在金属膜电阻负载上得到了幅值约为210 kV,脉宽约为40 ns,前沿约为5 ns的快前沿高压脉冲。利用此发生器成功地驱动了强流二极管,当二极管阴阳极间距为15 mm时,在30 kV充电情况下,其输出电压约为154 kV,束流约为1 kA。     

缆索吊装系统有限元分析中的滑轮单元

为精确模拟结构中的滑轮，建立了滑轮支承一段索的单元，它考虑了滑轮的半径. 该``滑轮单元'的中间节点在滑轮的中心，另两个节点为索段位于滑轮两侧的端点. 新单元通过自动调整索在滑轮两侧的长度，使单元达到平衡状态. 单元算法的推导基于有限元分析的基本原理，并利用了处于平衡状态时单元内力之间的关系. 介绍新单元的推导过程，算例验证了它的正确性，并显示了其在含有滑轮索结构有限元分析中的高效性和方便性.     

高支模施工的安全控制和管理

结合宁波高教园区图书信息中心工程实例，对高支模的设计计算、支模架搭设、混凝土浇捣3个环节的安全控制和管理进行了探讨，并在该工程中得到了应用．     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的设计与初步实验

 设计了10级同轴结构的陡化前沿Marx发生器,实现了电容储能型脉冲功率调制系统的小型化。该系统采用3 nF低电感电容器作为储能电容,采用固体电阻作为充电电阻,通过各级短间隙气体火花开关迅速放电及级间紫外光耦合在50 Ω负载上建立了陡化前沿的输出电压波形。在考虑开关电极分散电容、等效传输线效应及回路电感等因素基础上,利用自击穿火花开关模型建立了等效放电电路模型,并利用PSpice电路模拟软件进行了数值模拟。根据数值模拟结果设计加工了10级陡化前沿的Marx发生器实验装置,在较低充电电压下（7 kV与11 kV）,得到了初步实验结果,输出电压波形大致为方波,相对于传统Marx发生器输出前沿缓慢的三角波有较大改善,半高宽为40~50 ns,前沿时间为十几ns,幅值约为41 kV和57.5 kV,实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。